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"RUNNER A" STUDY NOTES
 
Icabod is imitating a fast practice session, and not a full racing mode. Each leg is color coded to note its gait cycle phase: blue = stance phase, green = swing phase, and red = flight phase.
 
The upper-body (above the waist) techniques of the runner and racewalker are remarkably similar. However, note the following major differences in technique used by runners for the lower body.
 
1.  A top runner is in flight phase for about 40% of the time (9 of 20 frames in this study).
2.  The follow-through motion of the stance leg after toe off takes the foot much higher, and displays a more extreme foot angle.
3.  By bending the knee more (thereby creating a much shorter pendulum length), the runner can wait longer before swinging the rear leg forward--and can move it forward much faster.
4.  When the runner makes initial contact with the stance leg, the foot is (or is almost) flat.
5.  The runner's stance leg heel leaves the ground almost immediately after first contact.
6.  As the stance leg passes behind the torso, the runner quickly straightens the stance knee to assist the toes in propelling the body forward and in lifting the body off the ground.